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Trigger Points
Trigger points are small hypersensitive knots that can be found in
body tissues, including the muscles, the fascia, the cutaneous
section of the skin, ligaments, the tissue surrounding the bone, and
even in scars. Trigger points generally become active due to the
chronic overwork of a muscle.
The term trigger point was coined by
Janet Travell, M.D., whose life work was the study and
application of the impact of the body’s chemistry on muscle pain.
Her careful observations of her patients’ pain complaints led her to
investigate trigger points and how they function. She was a pioneer
in this new field of medicine.
Trigger points are caused in part by reduced
blood flow to an area that reduces the available oxygen. As a
result, certain muscle waste builds up. Over time, this area can
become very sensitive. An area is considered ischemic if less than 5
pounds of pressure causes tenderness.
There are different kinds of trigger points.
Active trigger points hurt almost all the time. Latent trigger
points hurt when they are pressed. Satellite trigger points are
additional points that are fired off with pain when the original
pain area is aggravated. Secondary trigger points can develop in a
healthy muscle that is overworked by compensating for a painful
area.
What does a Trigger Point Feel Like?
As you recall, trigger points are
hyperirritable when compressed and often refer pain into other areas
of the body. For example, you may have been standing in line at a
store and a friend comes up behind you and innocently squeezes your
shoulder, which happens to contain a trigger point. At the instant
of the squeeze, you experience a sudden, sharp pain intense enough
to cause you to flinch. If the point is particularly ischemic
(restricted in blood flow) you may also feel a sharp pain triggered
in another area such as the area behind the ear at the same time. |